DEFINITION OF A SPECIFICATION - International Construction Information Society June 2023
Function
The specification is a detailed document/set of information with the primary function to define precisely and succinctly the quality of materials, systems, and standard of workmanship required, and the processes necessary for constructing a built environment asset. Specifications are not a standalone documents but are to be read in conjunction with the other contract documentation including the conditions of contract, the drawings/model, quantities, schedules, etc. For built environment projects, the specification is often referred to as the building specification or the construction specification.
Role
A specification conveys design decisions that cannot be expressed in graphic form on design documentation such as drawings or models. Specifications complement, without duplication, information in the design documentation. Used together they express the designer's intentions. The specification acts as a blueprint for the construction process and helps to ensure that the final product meets the required standards and quality. By specifying the materials, components, testing, products, assemblies, and techniques to be used, the specification helps to eliminate ambiguity and reduce the risk of misunderstandings during the construction process. This in turn improves the quality of construction as it helps to ensure that the finished asset meets the required standards and is built appropriately. The specification also helps to ensure that the building is constructed in accordance with relevant building codes, regulations, and industry standards, which helps to improve the overall quality of the final product. The specification has many roles including being:
- a document embodying design decisions.
- a document demonstrating compliance with statutory requirements.
- an estimating document.
- a tendering document.
- a legal (contractual) document.
- an on-site working document.
- a dispute settlement document.
- a project management tool.
Form
Specifications may be written in one or more of the following methods:
- Reference: By referring to a published document, such as a
Standard, Norm, Reference Specification, or manufacturer’s technical
manual. The reference is made project specific with the addition of
project specific information.
- Performance: By prescribing the desired end result and the criteria by which the result will be judged for its acceptability.
- Prescriptive/Descriptive: By describing in detail the materials, workmanship and installation procedures to be used.
- Direct/Proprietary:
By stating a proprietary trade name or product that can perform at the
levels needed.
Legality
The specification takes effect through regulation, legal or industry
precedence, or inclusion as part of the construction contract documents.
Reference:
I.C.I.S. - International Construction Information Society - June 2023